在线预约

疾病咨询

疾病热线

0371-6888 8120

24H免费咨询热线

8:00——17:30

郑州大学眼耳鼻喉医院

医院地址

郑州市金水区南阳路32号

发布时间:2019-08-05

糖网中使用激光光凝术是否宜早?

来源: 医院首页  热度: ℃   联系电话:[0371-6888 8120]   点击在线咨询专家

【据《BMJ Open Ophthalmology》2017年10月报道】题:糖尿病视网膜病变早期使用激光光凝术是否划算?(英文题:Diabetic retinopathy and the use of laser photocoagulation: is it cost-effective to treat early?作者

  【据《BMJ Open Ophthalmology》2017年10月报道】题:糖尿病视网膜病变早期使用激光光凝术是否划算?(英文题:Diabetic retinopathy and the use of laser photocoagulation: is it cost-effective to treat early?作者:Hema Mistry等;单位:英国华威大学)
  糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是工作年龄人群中主要致盲因素。糖尿病人群的失明几率是普通人群的25倍。病程中,从基础(轻度)非增生型糖尿病视网膜病(NPDR)开始,发展到中度、重度,即增生型糖尿病视网膜病(PDR),可严重威胁视力,此。如果任由其发展,最终导致失明。最近有综述总结,得益于视网膜病的早发现早治疗,以及血糖血压的控制,近代以来,DR进展至PDR的几率有所降低。然而,DR依然很常见。利物浦的一项研究报道,1型糖尿病患者中,DR及PDR患病率分别为46%及4%,2型则为25%及0.5%。患病率与糖尿病病程相关,时间越久, 发生DR的比例越大。Yau等人一项近来的研究发现,PDR的患病率超7%。
  本实验企图探究,较之等到高风险PDR阶段(high-risk PDR,HR-PDR)再使用视网膜激光光凝术(延迟治疗),在NPDR使用(早期治疗)是否成本效益更好。为此,研究者建立了一个时间跨度为30年的马尔科夫模型,其中纳入了普通NPDR可能经历的所有阶段(严重NPDR>早期PDR>HR-PDR>严重PDR),直至严重视力丧失及失明(乃至死亡)。研究从国民医疗健康服务体系及个人社会服务体系角度出发。转移概率(transition probabilities,不同严重程度之间的转变)参照糖尿病视网膜病早期治疗研究。健康状态的效用(health state utility,见注1)、开支、预后均基于文献中的信息,并由专家建议加以补充。开支及结果以每年3.5%进行折算。并进行确定及概率的灵敏度分析。
  分析表明,在严重的NPDR阶段进行PRP干预是经济有效的。灵敏度分析也给出了类似的结果,早期治疗比延迟治疗更有优势。概率灵敏度分析愿意支付的费用在20-30 000英镑每质量调整生命年,早期治疗经济有效的概率为60%。在严重NPDR阶段使用视网膜光凝术(PRP),较之在HR-PDR阶段更为经济有效。
  但给出确定的推荐之前,仍有许多不确定因素。即使PRP对于倾向治疗的整体人群是经济有效的,但对于少数个体,治疗短期可能是有害的。例如,一个视力良好但有严重NPDR的病人,可能因周边视力损害,丧失工作或驾驶能力。
  研究者认为还需要一项实验,使用更先进的激光方法和设备,来比较早期治疗和延迟治疗。还需评估抗VEGF药物或类固醇药物与PRP联合使用时,减轻新发或陈旧性糖尿病黄斑水肿的作用。
  最后研究者认为,由于证据的局限性,应该慎重解释这些结果。早期治疗与延迟治疗孰优孰劣,还需给出基于现代治疗的证据。
  注1:健康状态的效用(health state utility):表示个体对不同健康状态的喜好程度,它是个体在不确定的情况下作出的优先选择,表现出他们对某种健康状况的倾向和偏爱 ,反映了个体的主观感受,并受年龄、经济收入、教育程度等多种因素的影响。效用值通常用0—1的数值来表示,l代表完全健康,0代表死亡。它也可以为负数,表示比死亡更糟糕的疾病状态,如无意识或长期卧床伴严重疼痛等。
  Background/aims
  The aim of the study was to explore whether it would be cost-effective to apply panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) at the severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (early treatment) stage, compared with waiting until high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR-PDR) characteristics (deferred treatment) developed.
  Methods
  A Markov model with a 30-year time horizon was developed, in which patients presenting with moderate NPDR could progress through all stages of DR (severe NPDR>early?PDR>HR-PDR>severe?PDR) to severe vision loss and blindness (and to death). A National Health Service and personal social services perspective was adopted. Transition probabilities were mainly derived from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Health state utilities, costs and complications were based on information from the literature, supplemented by expert opinion. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3.5%. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.
  Results
  Administering PRP at the severe NPDR stage could be more effective and less costly than waiting until HR-PDR developed. Sensitivity analyses gave similar results, with early treatment continuing to dominate deferred treatment. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests that at willingness-to-pay threshold of ?20–?30?000 per quality-adjusted life year, the probability of early treatment being cost-effective is 60%.
  Conclusion
  PRP administered at the severe NPDR stage is likely to be cost-effective compared with delaying photocoagulation until HR-PDR develops. However, given the limitations of the evidence, these results need to be interpreted with caution. A trial of early versus deferred laser therapy is needed to provide better data based on modern treatments.

分享到: